The operation of the steering system should not require great effort. A friction shock absorber is arranged behind the spur-gear pinion to prevent road shocks from being transmitted to the steering wheel. It is especially used in case of axleless front-wheel suspension. This type of steering requires a minimum of joints as a result, it features long service life and minimum steering slack. It consists of a straight-guided rack arranged at right angles to the driving direction, and a spur-gear pinion, attached to the end of the steering column, engaged with the rack. Many motor vehicles, especially passenger cars, are now equipped with the rack-and-pinion steering. In case of a frameless construction, it is attached to a member of the body. The mechanism for transmitting the rotary motion of the steering wheel to the steering-gear arm is arranged in the steering-gear case.
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